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Linux Commands

Essential Linux commands for system administration, file management, and networking.

File Operations

CommandDescription
lsList directory contents
cdChange directory
pwdPrint working directory
mkdirCreate a new directory
rmRemove files or directories
cpCopy files or directories
mvMove or rename files
touchCreate empty file or update timestamp
catView file contents
tailView end of file
grepSearch text patterns
findSearch for files
chmodChange file permissions
chownChange file owner

System Information

CommandDescription
uname -aShow system information
topView running processes
htopInteractive process viewer
df -hDisk space usage
du -shDirectory space usage
free -hMemory usage
uptimeSystem uptime and load

Networking

CommandDescription
ip addrShow network interfaces
pingTest network connectivity
netstatNetwork statistics
ssSocket statistics
curlTransfer data from URL
wgetDownload files
sshSecure Shell client
ufwUncomplicated Firewall