Linux Commands
Essential Linux commands for system administration, file management, and networking.
File Operations
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| ls | List directory contents |
| cd | Change directory |
| pwd | Print working directory |
| mkdir | Create a new directory |
| rm | Remove files or directories |
| cp | Copy files or directories |
| mv | Move or rename files |
| touch | Create empty file or update timestamp |
| cat | View file contents |
| tail | View end of file |
| grep | Search text patterns |
| find | Search for files |
| chmod | Change file permissions |
| chown | Change file owner |
System Information
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| uname -a | Show system information |
| top | View running processes |
| htop | Interactive process viewer |
| df -h | Disk space usage |
| du -sh | Directory space usage |
| free -h | Memory usage |
| uptime | System uptime and load |
Networking
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| ip addr | Show network interfaces |
| ping | Test network connectivity |
| netstat | Network statistics |
| ss | Socket statistics |
| curl | Transfer data from URL |
| wget | Download files |
| ssh | Secure Shell client |
| ufw | Uncomplicated Firewall |